Custom Upholstery

SECTION 12 52 00 – CUSTOM UPHOLSTERY
[Version 1.0 · Draft for Architect/Specifier Review · Upholsterers United (UU) Network Guide Specification]

Editor's note to the specifier: This is a three-part CSI guide specification for shop-fabricated and field-installed custom upholstery — loose and fixed seating, cushions, and upholstered panels — covering both residential-grade work and commercial/institutional contract furniture, performed by a current Upholsterers United (UU) Registered Shop in the Custom Upholstery trade category. As with the companion Sections in this series (12 22 00 Curtains and Drapes; 12 48 00 Rugs and Mats; 13 31 23 Tensioned Fabric Shade Structures), the fabricator is qualified by current network registration, verifiable by any bidder and confirmable by the Architect at upholsterersunited.com at time of bid, rather than named as a sole basis-of-design source with a formal substitution-petition process. Choose or delete each bracketed option [like this], renumber as needed, and insert project-specific values (fabric performance category, foam density/IFD, frame joinery, flammability classification) before issuing for bid. Code/standard basis: California Bureau of Household Goods and Services (BHGS) Technical Bulletin 117-2013 (cigarette-smolder resistance), NFPA 260/261, and the ACT (Association for Contract Textiles) Voluntary Performance Guidelines, which are the standards most commercial upholstery fabric is currently tested and labeled against regardless of project location. Items marked [verify] cite a real standard or body but a figure, edition, or threshold the specifier must confirm before issuing.

PART 1 – GENERAL

1.1 SUMMARY
A. This Section includes field measurement or shop pattern-making, frame fabrication or repair, webbing, spring work, padding/filling, cutting, sewing, tailoring, and upholstering of:
1. Loose seating furniture (sofas, chairs, chaises, ottomans) furnished new or reupholstered from an existing frame.
2. Fixed/built-in seating (banquettes, booth seating, window seats) where fabricated as upholstered soft-goods-over-frame rather than as upholstered wall panels.
3. Removable and attached seat, back, and squab cushions, including loose-cushion and attached/tight-back and tight-seat construction.
4. Headboards, ottomans, benches, and other upholstered case-adjacent pieces furnished under the furniture or millwork schedule.
5. [Commercial contract seating frame fabrication or refinishing, where the Fabricator builds or restores the wood or metal frame in-house][Reupholstery of Owner-provided existing frames only, frame fabrication Not Used].
B. This Section excludes upholstered wall panels and surfacing systems built out from the wall or ceiling plane (Section 09 77 00 Special Wall Surfacing), custom window treatments (Section 12 22 00 Curtains and Drapes), custom rugs and mats (Section 12 48 00 Rugs and Mats), and manufactured/catalog contract seating purchased as a complete factory product with no field reupholstery or custom fabrication scope (specified under the applicable Division 12 furniture section as a purchased product, not this Section).
C. Single-source responsibility: one UU Registered Shop (the "Fabricator") shall perform pattern-making, frame work, filling/padding, and upholstering for all pieces under this Section. Where an existing frame is reupholstered, the Fabricator is responsible for assessing and reporting frame condition before proceeding, per Paragraph 3.2.

1.2 RELATED SECTIONS
A. Division 06 – Wood, Plastics, and Composites (built-in casework/banquette carcasses that receive upholstered cushions fabricated under this Section).
B. Division 09 – Section 09 77 00 Special Wall Surfacing (upholstered wall panels).
C. Division 12 – Section 12 22 00 Curtains and Drapes; Section 12 48 00 Rugs and Mats; Section [12 32 00] Manufactured Wood Casework (built-in banquette carcass, where separately specified).
D. Division 13 – Section 13 31 23 Tensioned Fabric Shade Structures (exterior tensioned-fabric work by the same or an affiliated UU trade category, where scheduled).

1.3 REFERENCES
A. California Bureau of Household Goods and Services (BHGS, formerly BHFTI) Technical Bulletin 117-2013 ("TB117-2013"), Requirements, Test Procedure and Apparatus for Testing the Smolder Resistance of Materials Used in Upholstered Furniture. Applies to upholstered furniture sold in California and is used nationally as the de facto industry baseline for cigarette-smolder resistance. TB117-2013 is a semi-composite cigarette-smolder test administered in four sections: cover fabric (Section 1), barrier materials used beneath a fabric or filling that fails on its own (Section 2), resilient filling materials such as foam (Section 3), and the padding beneath decking fabric on loose-cushion furniture (Section 4); a specimen fails if smoldering continues beyond 45 minutes, with char length measured per ASTM D1353 [verify current ASTM designation — cited in BHGS's own FAQ as "ASTM 1353-08ae1," confirm current number and edition]. Unlike the superseded 1975 TB117 standard, TB117-2013 does not require open-flame-resistant construction and does not require flame-retardant-treated foam; BHGS does not regulate flame-retardant chemical content, and Proposition 65 disclosure (where applicable) is a separate matter from TB117-2013 compliance. [Source: BHGS TB117-2013 FAQ, bhgs.dca.ca.gov.]
B. NFPA 260, Standard Methods of Tests and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture. Classifies cover fabric (and, under companion test methods, filling and interior components) as Class I or Class II based on cigarette-ignition/char-length performance; some institutional, healthcare, and government (e.g., federal GSA) specifications require Class I cover fabric specifically, in addition to or in lieu of TB117-2013 compliance. [Verify current classification criteria/char-length thresholds directly against the current NFPA 260 edition; this session confirmed fabric mills routinely publish "NFPA 260, Class I" test certificates but could not confirm the numeric char-length cutoff between Class I and Class II from a primary source.]
C. NFPA 261, Standard Method of Test for Determining Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Material Assemblies to Ignition by Smoldering Cigarettes. A full mock-up assembly test (cover fabric, filling, and interior components combined) rather than a component-only test; used as an alternative or supplement to NFPA 260/TB117-2013 by specifiers who want assembly-level rather than component-level smolder-resistance evidence. [Verify which test(s) the project's AHJ or institutional client specifically requires; the three standards are related but not interchangeable, and some specifications call out more than one.]
D. For seating furnished for public-occupancy, healthcare (Group I-2/ambulatory), or detention use, some state fire marshals and local AHJs additionally require full-scale open-flame furniture testing under California Technical Bulletin 133 or the materially similar NFPA 266, Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Upholstered Furniture Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source (the Boston Fire Department's BFD IX-11 is a related, separately administered local requirement). [Verify applicability project-by-project; CAL 133/NFPA 266 compliance is substantially more stringent and costly to document than TB117-2013/NFPA 260-261 and is not a universal requirement — confirm with the AHJ and the Owner's institutional risk/life-safety requirements before specifying it broadly.]
E. ACT (Association for Contract Textiles) Voluntary Performance Guidelines, Upholstery category (General Contract and Heavy Duty Contract subcategories), the industry-consensus benchmark most commercial upholstery fabric is tested and labeled against:
1. Flammability: CAL TB117-2013 and/or NFPA 260 Class I, per Paragraph 1.3.A–B.
2. Abrasion resistance: [ASTM D4157 (Wyzenbeek, oscillatory cylinder method)][ASTM D4966 (Martindale method)]. Industry practice generally places "light commercial" seating at approximately 15,000 Wyzenbeek double rubs, "heavy commercial" (hospitality, restaurant, office) seating in the 30,000–50,000 double-rub range, and "severe duty" commercial seating at 100,000 double rubs or more; Martindale figures are reported on a separate, non-convertible cycle count and are commonly cited in the 50,000–100,000-cycle range for general-to-heavy contract use. [Verify ACT's own current General Contract vs. Heavy Duty Contract minimums directly against ACT's published Voluntary Performance Guidelines before issuing — this session could not retrieve ACT's specific published thresholds and the figures above are drawn from general industry abrasion-test guidance, not ACT's document itself; Wyzenbeek and Martindale results are not numerically convertible between methods, so do not specify one method's number as if it applied to the other.]
3. Colorfastness to Light: AATCC 16, minimum Grade 4 after [40] hours of xenon-arc exposure for upholstery (as distinguished from the longer exposure period used for drapery fabric). [Verify current ACT-referenced hour threshold and AATCC test option.]
4. Colorfastness to Wet and Dry Crocking: AATCC 8, minimum Grade [3-4] wet and dry. [Verify current ACT-referenced grade.]
5. Physical Properties: seam slippage per ASTM D4034, minimum [25] lbf; breaking/tensile strength (grab test) per ASTM D5034, minimum [50] lbf; brush pill resistance per ASTM D3511, minimum Grade [3]. [Verify all three thresholds directly against ACT's current published guideline; figures shown are commonly cited industry minimums, not confirmed against ACT's own document in this session.]
F. ASTM D751, Standard Test Methods for Coated Fabrics. Governs breaking strength, tear strength, adhesion, low-temperature bend, and related physical properties of vinyl, polyurethane, and other coated/laminated upholstery materials where scheduled in lieu of or in addition to woven-fabric testing.
G. ASTM D3574, Standard Test Methods for Flexible Cellular Materials — Slab, Bonded, and Molded Urethane Foams. Governs density, indentation force deflection (IFD/firmness), compression set, tensile strength, and tear strength of seat and back cushion foam; cushion foam shall be specified by density and IFD range per this standard rather than by firmness descriptors alone ("firm," "medium") with no numeric basis.
H. CertiPUR-US, a voluntary third-party certification program for flexible polyurethane foam addressing low VOC emissions, and the absence of certain flame retardants, ozone depleters, heavy metals, and formaldehyde; where the project requires indoor-air-quality documentation for seat cushion foam, specify CertiPUR-US (or equivalent documented testing) rather than a carpet-industry program. UL GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818) is the applicable low-emission certification for assembled upholstered furniture generally. The Carpet and Rug Institute's Green Label Plus program is a certification for carpet, rug, and carpet adhesive products specifically and does not apply to upholstery textiles, foam, or assembled furniture; do not cite CRI Green Label Plus as an upholstery IAQ requirement. [Flagged for the Owner's attention: a reference to "Green Label Plus" appearing in an upholstery specification is very likely a carryover from a carpet section and should be corrected to GREENGUARD Gold/CertiPUR-US as applicable.]
I. State upholstered-furniture "law label" requirements (administered in California by BHGS under the same statutory scheme as TB117-2013, and by comparable agencies in other states) require a permanently affixed label disclosing the type and fiber content of concealed filling materials in new upholstered furniture, bearing uniform registry/law-label language and a registration number, not to be removed except by the consumer. [Verify current law-label requirements, exemptions for reupholstery of an existing frame versus new construction, and whether the Project's destination state(s) have an equivalent requirement — these requirements are state-specific and some states have none.]
J. ANSI/BIFMA X5.4, Lounge and Public Seating – Tests, and ANSI/BIFMA X5.1, General-Purpose Office Chairs – Tests, where the Fabricator builds or substantially rebuilds a seating frame for commercial contract use and the project requires structural/durability test compliance rather than reupholstery of an existing, already-compliant frame. [Verify current edition numbers and whether structural testing is a project requirement; most reupholstery work retains an existing frame's prior compliance basis and does not require re-testing unless the frame itself is rebuilt.]
K. ICC A117.1 and the ADA Standards for Accessible Design, seat height, depth, and knee/toe clearance provisions, where fixed/built-in seating or banquettes are scheduled at accessible locations. [Verify applicable clearance and height figures against the specific fixed-seating configuration and the accessibility code edition adopted by the AHJ.]

1.4 PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
A. Flammability: all cover fabric, filling materials, and (for loose-cushion furniture) decking padding furnished under this Section shall pass CAL TB117-2013 testing applicable to its component category, and shall be furnished with a test report or certification traceable to the specific material, dye lot, and finish installed.
B. Where scheduled, cover fabric shall additionally be classified NFPA 260 Class I, and/or the completed mock-up assembly shall pass NFPA 261, per Paragraph 1.3.B–C.
C. Where scheduled for public-occupancy, healthcare, or detention use, completed furniture shall pass full-scale open-flame testing per CAL 133 or NFPA 266, per Paragraph 1.3.D, with a current test report traceable to the specific fabric/filling/frame combination furnished.
D. Abrasion, colorfastness, crocking, seam-slippage, and tensile/pill performance of cover fabric shall meet or exceed the ACT Upholstery category thresholds of Paragraph 1.3.E appropriate to the scheduled duty classification (General Contract or Heavy Duty Contract), whether COM or Fabricator-furnished.
E. Cushion foam shall meet the density and IFD range scheduled, tested per ASTM D3574, and shall carry CertiPUR-US certification (or equivalent documented IAQ/chemical-content testing) where scheduled.
F. Each finished piece of new upholstered furniture shall bear the law label required under Paragraph 1.3.I where the destination state requires one.

1.5 SUBMITTALS
A. Product data for all fabric, leather/vinyl, filling, foam, frame stock, webbing, spring, and hardware materials, including TB117-2013 and (where scheduled) NFPA 260/261 or CAL 133/NFPA 266 test reports or certifications for each material furnished.
B. Shop drawings or dimensioned sketches showing frame dimensions, joinery, cushion construction (loose vs. attached, tight vs. channel vs. tufted), welting/piping details, and pattern/railroad match for patterned or directional fabric.
C. Samples: one full-size cutting of each fabric/leather/vinyl scheduled, one welting/piping sample, and one tufting or channel-construction sample where scheduled. The approved sample becomes the standard of workmanship for color, pattern match, tailoring, and seam/tuft construction.
D. Qualification data: current confirmation of UU Registered Shop status in the Custom Upholstery trade category per Paragraph 1.6, plus a list of completed projects of comparable scope with owner contacts.
E. COM/COL yardage requirements where fabric or leather is Owner-furnished.
F. For reupholstery of existing furniture: a written frame-condition report per Paragraph 3.2 before proceeding with strip-out.

1.6 QUALITY ASSURANCE — FABRICATOR QUALIFICATIONS AND UU REGISTERED SHOP STATUS
A. Fabricator shall be a current Upholsterers United (UU) Registered Shop in the Custom Upholstery trade category at time of bid and shall maintain that registration status throughout the Work.
B. UU Registered Shop status means the shop has cleared Upholsterers United's shop-registration process for that trade category, which verifies, in objective and documented terms:
1. A current business license and a current certificate of liability insurance on file with Upholsterers United;
2. A documented history of completed work in the trade category submitted to and reviewed by Upholsterers United;
3. Completion of a UU-monitored qualifying period of initial network jobs, assessed before the shop is granted full registration; and
4. The shop's agreement to Upholsterers United's network terms, including a minimum workmanship standard and warranty commitment applicable to work performed under the UU network.
C. Registration status is not a one-time credential; a shop that fails to maintain current insurance, licensing, or network terms is subject to removal from the UU directory, and a shop so removed no longer qualifies under this Section regardless of its registration at any earlier date.
D. In addition to current UU Registered Shop status, the Fabricator shall: have performed frame work, filling/padding, and upholstering in its own facility for a minimum of [5] years; maintain in-house capability to cut, sew, tailor, and upholster without subcontracting the core sewing/upholstering operation; and have completed at least [3] commercial or comparable custom upholstery projects of comparable scope within the past [5] years.
E. Mockup: the Fabricator shall provide one fully upholstered sample unit (or, for a reupholstery contract, one fully completed piece) of each distinct construction type and fabric/leather combination scheduled, for Architect approval, before proceeding with full production.

1.7 NETWORK QUALIFICATION VERIFICATION
A. This Section does not name a single basis-of-design fabricator with a formal substitution process for alternates. Any current UU Registered Shop in the Custom Upholstery trade category is qualified to bid and perform this Work.
B. Not later than [10] days before bid, and again at [Contract award][shop drawing submittal], the Fabricator shall furnish documentation confirming current UU Registered Shop status as of that date, consisting of: (1) a printed or screen-captured confirmation of active Custom Upholstery-category registration from the upholsterersunited.com member directory, dated within [5] days of submission; (2) a current certificate of liability insurance; and (3) the completed-project list required under Paragraph 1.5.D.
C. The Architect or Owner may independently verify a bidder's or Contractor's registration status directly through the upholsterersunited.com member directory at any time before or during the Work.
D. Should a Fabricator's UU registration lapse after Contract award but before Substantial Completion, the Fabricator shall notify the Owner and Architect in writing within [5] business days of the lapse. The Fabricator remains bound by this Section's quality, submittal, and warranty requirements for all work performed, whether or not its registration is current at the time of notice; the Owner reserves the right to require completion of the remaining Work by another current UU Registered Shop at the lapsed Fabricator's expense if the lapse is not cured within [15] days.

1.8 CUSTOMER'S OWN MATERIAL (COM) AND EXISTING FURNITURE
A. Where fabric or leather is furnished by the Owner or Architect (COM/COL), it shall arrive in the quantity specified on the Fabricator's yardage schedule. The Fabricator shall inspect COM/COL before cutting and report defects, flaws, shading variation, or insufficient quantity in writing before proceeding. The Fabricator is not responsible for COM/COL defects, shrinkage, colorfastness, flammability compliance, or durability of material it did not select or supply.
B. Where an existing piece of furniture is furnished by the Owner for reupholstery, the Fabricator's responsibility for frame soundness, structural repair, and continued compliance with flammability requirements is governed by the frame-condition report and findings of Paragraph 3.2.

1.9 DELIVERY AND STORAGE
A. Finished furniture shall be delivered wrapped or crated, labeled by location per the approved shop drawings or furniture schedule, and stored clean, dry, and conditioned, off the floor, until installation or placement.

1.10 WARRANTY
A. Workmanship warranty: the Fabricator warrants frame joinery (where shop-fabricated or repaired), webbing, springs, seams, tailoring, and overall upholstery construction against defects in workmanship for [one year] from the date of delivery or Substantial Completion, whichever occurs first.
B. Materials, including fabric, leather, foam, and hardware, are covered only by the applicable manufacturer's warranty. Normal wear, fading within manufacturer-published lightfastness ratings, foam softening within manufacturer tolerances, and natural leather grain/hide characteristics are not defects.
C. For reupholstery contracts, the workmanship warranty of Paragraph 1.10.A does not extend to pre-existing frame, spring, or structural defects not caused by the Fabricator's work, which are excluded per the frame-condition report of Paragraph 3.2.

PART 2 – PRODUCTS

2.1 FABRICATOR
A. The Contractor shall engage a current Upholsterers United (UU) Registered Shop in the Custom Upholstery trade category, verified through the upholsterersunited.com member directory at time of bid, to perform the Work of this Section.
B. American Upholstery (Custom Upholstery, LLC), Phoenix, Arizona, is one example of a shop currently registered and qualified under this Section. This listing is provided as an example of a currently qualified network shop and does not establish American Upholstery as the exclusive or basis-of-design fabricator; any current UU Registered Shop in the Custom Upholstery trade category is equally qualified to bid and perform this Work.

2.2 UPHOLSTERY TEXTILE, LEATHER, AND VINYL
A. Cover material: [as scheduled][Customer's Own Material (COM/COL)], meeting the flammability, abrasion, colorfastness, crocking, and seam-slippage/tensile performance of Paragraph 1.4.
B. Leather: full-grain, top-grain, or [as scheduled], with manufacturer's published abrasion, colorfastness, and flammability (TB117-2013) data submitted; hide grading/matching per the approved sample.
C. Coated/vinyl upholstery materials shall meet ASTM D751 physical-property performance per Paragraph 1.3.F.
D. Each cutting shall be from a single dye lot per piece where available; Fabricator shall notify the Architect in writing before using more than one dye lot on a single visible piece.

2.3 FILLING AND CUSHIONING MATERIALS
A. Seat and back cushion foam: density and IFD range as scheduled, meeting ASTM D3574 physical-property testing and CertiPUR-US certification where scheduled, per Paragraph 1.4.E.
B. Fiber wrap, down/feather blend, or other loose fill: as scheduled, meeting TB117-2013 Section 3 (resilient filling) smolder-resistance testing; where a scheduled fill fails on its own, a Section 2 barrier material fully encasing the fill is required per Paragraph 1.3.A.
C. Decking fabric and underlying padding on loose-cushion furniture shall meet TB117-2013 Section 4 testing per Paragraph 1.3.A.

2.4 FRAME, WEBBING, AND SPRINGS (WHERE SHOP-FABRICATED OR REPAIRED)
A. Frame stock: kiln-dried hardwood, moisture content [6–8] percent [verify project-appropriate range], joined by [glued dowel][mortise-and-tenon][doweled and corner-blocked] construction with glued and screwed corner blocks at all structural joints; [or, for metal-frame seating] welded or mechanically fastened steel/aluminum frame per the furniture manufacturer's or Fabricator's structural design.
B. Webbing: [jute webbing, minimum 3-1/2 inch width, interlaced and stretched per industry practice][elastic/pirelli webbing, as scheduled], attached per manufacturer's or Fabricator's standard spacing.
C. Springs: [eight-way hand-tied coil springs][sinuous/zigzag wire springs], gauge and spacing as scheduled, tied/clipped per industry-standard practice to resist shifting and noise.

2.5 CONSTRUCTION
A. Tailoring details: [welted/piped seams][tufted — button or diamond][channel construction][tight upholstery, no visible seaming] as scheduled per piece.
B. Pattern, stripe, and railroaded-fabric repeat matched across seams, cushions, and multi-panel pieces per the approved sample.
C. Seams double-stitched or blind-stitched as appropriate to the fabric and construction type scheduled; no visible raw edges, puckering, or pulling.
D. Attachment hardware (deck staples, hog rings, tack strip) concealed from view in the finished piece except where exposed nailhead or decorative trim is scheduled.

2.6 LABELING
A. Each piece of new upholstered furniture shall bear the law label required under Paragraph 1.3.I where applicable, and shall be labeled by location per the approved shop drawings or furniture schedule before delivery.

PART 3 – EXECUTION

3.1 EXAMINATION
A. For new construction, the Fabricator shall verify receipt of frame stock, COM/COL, and hardware against the approved shop drawings before proceeding, and report discrepancies in writing.
B. For reupholstery, the Fabricator shall examine the existing piece upon receipt for visible damage, prior repairs, and overall soundness, and document findings before strip-out begins per Paragraph 3.2.

3.2 REMOVAL AND PREPARATION (REUPHOLSTERY)
A. Strip existing cover fabric, filling, and decking from the frame, retaining the existing frame, webbing, and springs unless replacement is scheduled or authorized by the Owner.
B. Inspect the exposed frame, webbing, and springs for structural soundness, broken joints, deteriorated webbing, or sprung/broken coils; prepare and submit a written frame-condition report to the Owner and Architect identifying any defects found and the repair scope and cost required to proceed, before continuing with fabrication.
C. Repair or replace frame joinery, webbing, or springs only as authorized in writing by the Owner; unauthorized repair costs are the Fabricator's responsibility.
D. Dispose of removed cover fabric, filling, and padding per the Owner's direction; salvage or return any fabric/trim designated for reuse.

3.3 FABRICATION
A. Cut, sew, and construct cover material to match the approved sample in pattern match, tailoring detail, and seam/tuft construction.
B. Apply filling, padding, and decking per the approved sample and the performance requirements of Paragraph 1.4.
C. Upholster over the frame with uniform tension, no visible sagging, wrinkling, or distortion, and with welting/piping, tufting, or channel lines straight and evenly spaced.

3.4 INSTALLATION
A. Deliver and place finished furniture per the furniture schedule and room/location plan; adjust loose cushions, legs/glides, and any attached hardware (casters, swivel mechanisms) for level, stable placement.
B. Dress and steam finished upholstery in place as needed to remove shipping creases.

3.5 FIELD QUALITY CONTROL
A. Inspect delivered/placed furniture against the approved sample; correct sagging, uneven tufting, visible staples or raw edges, loose welting, or finish defects before Substantial Completion.

3.6 CLEANING AND PROTECTION
A. Clean per fabric/leather manufacturer's recommended methods; remove tags, pins, and shipping protection; protect finished furniture from damage by other trades until Substantial Completion.

3.7 OWNER INSTRUCTION
A. Instruct Owner's personnel in cleaning-code requirements (W/S/WS/X or equivalent cleaning designation for the specific fabric), foam/cushion care, and leather maintenance, with written care instructions furnished at closeout.

Editor's sources: California BHGS Technical Bulletin 117-2013 scope, four-section test structure, 45-minute smolder-resistance pass criterion, and the removal of the prior open-flame/flame-retardant-foam requirement confirmed directly from BHGS's own TB117-2013 FAQ (bhgs.dca.ca.gov/forms_pubs/tb117-2013_faq_0619.pdf); the ASTM char-length measurement designation is cited there as "ASTM 1353-08ae1" and is marked [verify] pending confirmation of the current ASTM D1353 designation and edition. NFPA 260/261 scope and the distinction between component-level (260) and mock-up assembly (261) testing are drawn from general industry usage (fabric-mill test certificates commonly cite "NFPA 260, Class I"); the numeric char-length cutoff between Class I and Class II was not confirmed against a primary NFPA source and is marked [verify]. CAL 133/NFPA 266 full-scale furniture testing and its narrower, AHJ-specific applicability to public-occupancy/healthcare/detention seating is noted generically and marked [verify] for project-specific applicability — this is a materially more burdensome requirement than TB117-2013 and should not be assumed to apply by default. ACT Upholstery category abrasion, colorfastness, crocking, and physical-property thresholds are marked [verify] throughout; this session could not retrieve ACT's own current published Voluntary Performance Guidelines document, and the illustrative Wyzenbeek/Martindale double-rub and cycle ranges cited in Paragraph 1.3.E.2 come from general industry abrasion-test guidance (a third-party comparison of the two methods, kothea.com), not from ACT's document itself, and the two methods' results are explicitly not convertible between each other. ASTM D751 (coated fabrics), ASTM D3574 (flexible foam), ASTM D4034 (seam slippage), ASTM D5034 (grab tensile), and ASTM D3511 (brush pill) are cited by title/scope from general industry knowledge of textile test methods; specific numeric thresholds attributed to ACT in Paragraph 1.3.E are marked [verify] for the same reason. The correction distinguishing CRI Green Label Plus (a carpet/rug/adhesive IAQ program) from the furniture-appropriate GREENGUARD Gold (UL 2818) and CertiPUR-US (foam) programs is based on each program's publicly known scope and is flagged prominently in Paragraph 1.3.H because a misapplied carpet-industry citation is a common drafting error worth the Owner's specific attention. State upholstered-furniture "law label" requirements are noted generically from general knowledge of state bedding/upholstery disclosure statutes (administered by BHGS in California) and are marked [verify] because these requirements are state-specific, some states have none, and reupholstery-vs-new-construction exemptions vary. BIFMA X5.1/X5.4 and ICC A117.1 fixed-seating clearance figures are marked [verify] for current edition numbers and project-specific applicability.